| | FIRST TRIMESTER Egg handling - Eggs stored too long
- Eggs stored under incorrect conditions
- Incorrect egg fumigation or sanitation (dirty hands)
- Excessive vibrations (jarring)
- Rapid temperature change
High temperature in early incubation Incubation faults - Cooling after development has begun
- Suffocation due to incorrect ventilation
Inbreeding Chromosome abnormalities Egg-transmitted infectious diseases Parenteral nutritional deficiencies Abnormal or aged sperm Idiopathic developmental abnormalities Drugs, toxins, pesticides Cracked eggs Small holes in eggs | SECOND TRIMESTER Parenteral nutritional deficiencies - Riboflavin, vitamin B12, folic acid, biotin, manganese, pyridoxine, pantothenic acid, phosphorous, boron, linoleic acid, vitamin K, vitamin D
Secondary vitamin deficiencies - Antibiotic therapy destroying vitamin-producing flora
- Diet imbalances, inadequate food intake
Viral diseases Bacterial infections Fungal infections Egg jarring or shaking in the first trimester Incubator faults - Incorrect turning, temperature, humidity and ventilation
iInbreeding resulting in lethal genes | THIRD TRIMESTER Malpositions - Inadequate or incorrect turning
- Abnormal egg size or shape
- Incorrect incubator temperature
- Incubator faults
- Poor incubator ventilation
- Egg cooling early in incubation
- Inadequate or incorrect turning
- Incorrect temperature
- Incorrect humidity
Incorrect hatcher temperature or humidity Long storage time pre-incubation Infectious disease Nutritional deficiencies – Vitamin A, D, E, K, pantothenic acid, folic acid Lethal genes Chromosomal abnormalities Idiopathic developmental abnormalities |
